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No. 42 Squadron RAF

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No. 42 (TB) Squadron RAF
No. 42 Squadron badge
Active1 April 1916 – 1 April 1918 (RFC)
1 April 1918 – 26 June 1919 (RAF)
14 December 1936 – 30 June 1945
1 July 1945 – 30 December 1945
1 October 1946 – 15 October 1947
28 June 1952 – 26 May 2011
21 September 2023 – present
CountryUnited Kingdom
BranchRoyal Air Force
TypeOperational Conversion Unit
RoleCrew training
Part ofNo. 1 Group
Home baseRAF Lossiemouth
Motto(s)Fortiter in re (Latin for 'Bravely into action')[1][2]
AircraftBoeing Poseidon MRA1 and Boeing Wedgetail AEW1 (from 2024)
Insignia
Squadron Badge heraldryOn a terrestrial globe, a figure of Perseus[1][2]
No. 42 Squadron was the 1st to use the Bristol Perseus engine and this accounts for the presence of Perseus in the badge; he was known always to achieve his object and destroy his enemies and he stands in front of a globe to signify his activities over many lands and seas[1]
Squadron CodesQD (Allocated Apr 1939 – Sep 1939, but probably not used)[3][4]
AW (Sep 1939 – Jun 1942
1943 – Dec 1945)[5][6]
QM (Oct 1946 – Oct 1947)[7][8]
A (Jun 1952 – 1956)[9][10]
42 (1956–1968)

No. 42 Squadron, also known as No. 42 (Torpedo Bomber) Squadron or No. 42 (TB) Squadron, is a squadron of the Royal Air Force. It reformed at RAF Lossiemouth on 21 September 2023 as the Operational Conversion Unit for both the Boeing Poseidon MRA1 and Boeing Wedgetail AEW1.[11]

The squadron served during the First World War as an army co-operation squadron and during the Second World War in various roles. Between 1992 and 2010, it was based at RAF Kinloss as the Operational Conversion Unit for the Hawker Siddeley Nimrod MR2, until the retirement of the aircraft in March 2010.

History

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First World War

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Formed on 1 April 1916 from crews of No. 19 Squadron Royal Flying Corps at RAF Filton, No. 42 Squadron spent the First World War flying reconnaissance sorties. Using Royal Aircraft Factory BE.2s (and later Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8s), the squadron spent time on both the Western Front and the Austro-Italian Front. On returning to England after the war, the squadron was disbanded at RAF Netheravon on 26 June 1919.[1][12]

The squadron was based at La Gorgue in northern France from 1 September to 8 November 1916.[13]

Second World War

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Bristol Beaufort of No. 42 Squadron, March 1941

On 14 December 1936, 'B' flight of No. 22 Squadron was expanded into a new No. 42 Squadron.[1][2] In 1939, No. 42 Squadron was based at RAF Bircham Newton. Initially the unit was equipped with Vickers Vildebeests before re-equipping with Bristol Beauforts in January 1940. The squadron operated also a bomber unit in the Burma campaign flying Blenheims during 1942 and as a fighter-bomber unit flying Hawker Hurricanes during 1943. The squadron disbanded on 30 June 1945 but on the following day No. 146 Squadron was renumbered to No. 42 Squadron and flew Republic Thunderbolts Mk.IIs.[2] The squadron fought on with these until the Burma campaign ended and thereafter the squadron disbanded on 30 December 1945 at Meiktela.[1][12]

Post-War

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Beaufighters and Shackletons (1946–1971)

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Avro Shackleton MR.2 WG533 of No. 42 Squadron at Blackbushe Airport, September 1956.

On 1 October 1946, No. 254 Squadron at RAF Thorney Island was renumbered to No. 42 Squadron. Equipped with Bristol Beaufighter, it was a strike unit in RAF Coastal Command until disbanded on 15 October 1947.[2][12]

On 28 June 1952, No. 42 Squadron was reformed at RAF St. Eval, Cornwall, flying Avro Shackleton MR.1s in the maritime reconnaissance role.[12] In 1954, the squadron began to re-equip with the Shackleton MR.2.[14] On 11 January 1955, two squadron Shackleton MR.2s (WG531 and WL743) disappeared while operating near Fastnet Rock.[15] No. 42 Squadron Shackletons used to regularly visit RAF Khormaksar in Aden before the Aden Emergency, with it undertaking colonial policing.[16][17]

No. 42 Squadron relocated to RAF St. Mawgan in October 1958.[14] In 1961, the squadron deployed to Jamaica to provide support for relief operations after Hurricane Hattie struck the Caribbean and British Honduras.[18] It further converted to the Shackleton MR.3 in December 1965.[14] In 1966, No. 42 Squadron deployed to Mahajanga, Malagasy Republic, to take part in the Beira Patrol which enforced the blockade of the port of Beira in Mozambique to prevent oil shipments to Rhodesia.[18]

Nimrods (1971–2011)

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Hawker Siddeley Nimrod MR.2 XV226 of No. 42 (TB) Squadron at RAF Mildenhall, May 1992.

In April 1971, No. 42 (Torpedo Bomber) Squadron began to convert to the Hawker Siddeley Nimrod MR.1.[2][12]

No. 42 (TB) Squadron were the first Nimrod unit to arrive at Wideawake Airfield, Ascension Island, when XV244 and XV258 landed on 6 April 1982 shortly after the invasion of the Falkland Islands.[19] In October 1984, one of No. 42 (TB) Squadron's crews won the Fincastle Trophy at RAAF Base Edinburgh, South Australia.[19] On 29 August 1985, Nimrod MR.2 XV229 helped locate the wreck of Virgin Atlantic Challenger.[19]

In June 1990, No. 42 (TB) Squadron won the Fincastle Trophy once again, this time at CFB Greenwood, Nova Scotia.[19] In October 1990, the squadron deployed its crews to Seeb International Airport, Oman, and later to RAF Akrotiri, Cyprus, in January 1991 as part of Operation Granby.[20] Nimrod MR.2 XV244 (Battle Star 42) was credited with 14 mission markings and four ship kills while deployed.[21] One of the squadron's crews were credited with having achieved the highest number of assisted kills – six, achieved operating in a High Air Threat environment.[21]

Disbanded as a front-line unit in October 1992, it was later reformed as No. 42 (Reserve) Squadron at RAF Kinloss, Moray, taking over from No. 236 OCU as the Nimrod Operational Conversion Unit (OCU).[20]

No. 42 (R) Squadron made the Nimrod's last visit to Gibraltar on 20/21 March 2010 as part of Operation Active Endeavour.[22] The squadron flew its last Nimrod MR.2 flight on 30 March 2010 with XV232 visiting Rockall, St. Kilda, RAF St. Mawgan, RAF Valley and RAF Lossiemouth.[22] It was originally expected that No. 42 (R) Squadron would serve as the OCU for the BAE Systems Nimrod MRA.4, however it was cancelled as part of the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review,[21] with No. 42 (R) Squadron formally disbanding alongside the other Nimrod units on 26 May 2011.[23]

Poseidon and Wedgetail OCU (2023–present)

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The unit was reformed as No. 42 (Torpedo Bomber) Squadron on 21 September 2023 at RAF Lossiemouth, Moray. The squadron is the Operational Conversion Unit for both the Boeing Poseidon MRA1 and Boeing Wedgetail AEW1. No. 42 (TB) Squadron's first Poseidon sortie was flown on 26 September 2023.[11]

Aircraft operated

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Aircraft operated by No. 42 Squadron, data from[1][2][12][24]
From To Aircraft Version
April 1916 August 1916 B.E.2 2d
April 1916 April 1917 B.E.2 2e
April 1917 February 1919 R.E.8
December 1936 December 1937 Vickers Vildebeest Mk.III
January 1937 March 1937 Vickers Vildebeest Mk.I
March 1937 April 1940 Vickers Vildebeest Mk.IV
September 1939 April 1940 Vickers Vildebeest Mk.III
April 1940 January 1942 Bristol Beaufort Mk.I
January 1942 February 1943 Bristol Beaufort Mk.II
February 1943 October 1943 Bristol Blenheim Mk.V
October 1943 June 1945 Hawker Hurricane Mk.IV
September 1944 December 1944 Hawker Hurricane Mk.IIc
April 1945 June 1945 Hawker Hurricane Mk.IIc
July 1945 December 1945 Republic Thunderbolt Mk.II
October 1946 October 1947 Bristol Beaufighter TF.10
June 1952 July 1954 Avro Shackleton MR.1/1A
January 1953 January 1966 Avro Shackleton MR.2
November 1965 September 1971 Avro Shackleton MR.3
April 1971 August 1984 Hawker Siddeley Nimrod MR.1
August 1983 April 2011 Hawker Siddeley Nimrod MR.2
September 2023 present Boeing Poseidon MRA.1[11]
2024 Boeing Wedgetail AEW.1[11]

Battle honours

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No. 42 Squadron has received the following battle honours.[14] Those marked with an asterisk (*) may be emblazoned on the squadron standard.

See also

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References

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g Rawlings 1982, p. 65.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Halley 1988, p. 95.
  3. ^ Bowyer & Rawlings 1979, p. 12.
  4. ^ Flintham & Thomas 2003, p. 51.
  5. ^ Bowyer & Rawlings 1979, p. 18.
  6. ^ Flintham & Thomas 2003, p. 63.
  7. ^ Bowyer & Rawlings 1979, p. 86.
  8. ^ Flintham & Thomas 2003, p. 155.
  9. ^ Bowyer & Rawlings 1979, p. 126.
  10. ^ Flintham & Thomas 2003, p. 192.
  11. ^ a b c d "Number 42 Squadron reforms at RAF Lossiemouth". RAF. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Jefford 2001, p. 42.
  13. ^ "La Gorgue". Anciens Aérodromes (in French). 7 March 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  14. ^ a b c d Barrass, M. B. (2015). "No. 42 Squadron". Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  15. ^ "Accident Avro Shackleton MR.2 WL743, 11 Jan 1955". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
  16. ^ "Visiting military aircraft". radfanhunters.co.uk. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
  17. ^ "RAF 42 SQUADRON IN ADEN (REEL 1) [ALLOCATED TITLE]". Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
  18. ^ a b Hill, David. "BALLYKELLY - THE SHACKLETON ERA 1952-1971". The Shackleton Association. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
  19. ^ a b c d "Target Lock: BAE Systems Nimrod". Target Lock. 4 March 2013. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
  20. ^ a b "42 Squadron". www.raf.mod.uk. Royal Air Force. Archived from the original on 10 December 2009. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
  21. ^ a b c "Aircraft History: The Nimrod MR.2 Leaves Royal Air Force Service". Global Aviation Resource. 6 April 2010. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
  22. ^ a b Hastings, David. "BAE System Nimrod: Squadron Service". Target Lock. Archived from the original on 8 July 2010. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
  23. ^ "Squadron Disbandment Parade". www.raf.mod.uk. Royal Air Force. 27 May 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
  24. ^ Coleman 1992, p. 110.

Bibliography

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  • Bowyer, Michael J.F.; Rawlings, John D.R. (1979). Squadron Codes, 1937–56. Cambridge, UK: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 0-85059-364-6.
  • Coleman, Ian (1992). Resolute in Action: The History of 42 Squadron RAF, 1916–1992. St Mawgan, Cornwall, UK: Blackfords of Cornwall.
  • Flintham, Vic; Thomas, Andrew (2003). Combat Codes: A Full Explanation and Listing of British, Commonwealth and Allied Air Force Unit Codes since 1938. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-84037-281-8.
  • Halley, James J. (1988). The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth, 1918–1988. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 0-85130-164-9.
  • Jefford, Wing Commander C.G. (2001). RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912 (2nd ed.). Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
  • Rawlings, John D.R. (1982). Coastal, Support and Special Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft. London: Jane's Publishing Company Ltd. ISBN 0-7106-0187-5.
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